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+---
+title: "Nmap"
+description: "Host discovery, port scanning, service detection and NSE scripting"
+tags: ["nmap", "network", "enumeration"]
+publishDate: 2026-05-18
+---
+
+<!-- START doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
+<!-- DON'T EDIT THIS SECTION, INSTEAD RE-RUN doctoc TO UPDATE -->
+
+- [Host Discovery](#host-discovery)
+- [Port Scanning](#port-scanning)
+- [Service & Version Detection](#service--version-detection)
+- [OS Detection](#os-detection)
+- [Aggressive Scan](#aggressive-scan)
+- [Timing Templates](#timing-templates)
+- [NSE Scripts](#nse-scripts)
+- [Output Formats](#output-formats)
+- [Common Profiles](#common-profiles)
+
+<!-- END doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
+
+Nmap is a network scanner used for host discovery, port scanning, service/version detection, OS fingerprinting, and vulnerability scripting via NSE.
+
+## Host Discovery
+
+```bash
+nmap -sn 192.168.1.0/24          # ping sweep, no port scan
+nmap -sn -PR 192.168.1.0/24      # ARP ping (local network)
+nmap -Pn $IP                      # skip host discovery, treat as up
+```
+
+## Port Scanning
+
+```bash
+nmap $IP                          # top 1000 ports (SYN scan if root)
+nmap -p 80,443,8080 $IP           # specific ports
+nmap -p 1-65535 $IP               # all ports
+nmap -p- $IP                      # shorthand for all ports
+nmap -sU $IP                      # UDP scan
+nmap -sU -sS $IP                  # UDP + SYN together
+```
+
+Scan types:
+
+- `-sS`: SYN scan (stealth, requires root)
+- `-sT`: TCP connect scan (no root needed)
+- `-sU`: UDP scan
+- `-sA`: ACK scan (firewall rule mapping)
+- `-sN/sF/sX`: Null, FIN, Xmas (evasion, unreliable on Windows)
+
+## Service & Version Detection
+
+```bash
+nmap -sV $IP
+nmap -sV --version-intensity 9 $IP   # more aggressive probing
+```
+
+## OS Detection
+
+```bash
+nmap -O $IP
+nmap -O --osscan-guess $IP           # guess if not confident
+```
+
+## Aggressive Scan
+
+```bash
+nmap -A $IP     # -sV -O --script=default --traceroute
+```
+
+## Timing Templates
+
+```bash
+nmap -T0 $IP    # paranoid (IDS evasion, very slow)
+nmap -T1 $IP    # sneaky
+nmap -T3 $IP    # normal (default)
+nmap -T4 $IP    # aggressive (faster, good for CTFs)
+nmap -T5 $IP    # insane (may miss results)
+```
+
+## NSE Scripts
+
+```bash
+nmap --script default $IP
+nmap --script vuln $IP
+nmap --script "ftp-*" $IP
+nmap --script safe $IP
+nmap --script $script --script-args user=$user,pass=$password $IP
+```
+
+Common script categories: `auth`, `brute`, `default`, `discovery`, `dos`, `exploit`, `intrusive`, `safe`, `version`, `vuln`.
+
+Scripts are located in `/usr/share/nmap/scripts/`.
+
+## Output Formats
+
+```bash
+nmap -oN output.txt $IP      # normal
+nmap -oX output.xml $IP      # XML
+nmap -oG output.gnmap $IP    # grepable
+nmap -oA output $IP          # all three at once
+```
+
+## Common Profiles
+
+Quick full scan:
+
+```bash
+nmap -p- -T4 --min-rate 5000 -sV -sC -oA full $IP
+```
+
+CTF/lab initial recon:
+
+```bash
+nmap -sV -sC -p- --open $IP
+```
+
+UDP top ports:
+
+```bash
+nmap -sU --top-ports 100 $IP
+```