diff --git a/src/content/notes/web/directory-discovery.md b/src/content/notes/web/directory-discovery.md
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+---
+title: "Directory Discovery"
+description: "Techniques and tools for discovering hidden directories and files on web servers."
+tags: ["web", "enumeration", "discovery", "directory"]
+publishDate: 2026-06-01
+---
+
+## FFUF
+
+See also [FFUF](/notes/web/ffuf) for fuzzing-based directory discovery.
+
+## Robots.txt
+
+```bash
+curl -s $url/robots.txt
+```
+
+## Sitemap.xml
+
+```bash
+curl -s $url/sitemap.xml
+```
+
+## Dirb
+
+```bash
+dirb $url
+```
+
+## Spider - Katana
+
+A spider is a tool that crawls a website and collects information about its
+structure and content. It can be used to find hidden directories, files, and
+parameters.
+
+```bash
+katana -c 15 -p 15 -u $url > output
+```
diff --git a/src/content/notes/web/ffuf.md b/src/content/notes/web/ffuf.md
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+---
+title: "FFUF"
+description: "Reference and usage examples for ffuf, a fast web fuzzer for directories, endpoints and subdomains."
+tags:
+  ["web", "enumeration", "discovery", "subdomain", "directory", "bruteforce"]
+publishDate: 2026-06-01
+---
+
+**Fuff (or ffuf)** is a fast web fuzzer written in Go, mainly used in
+cybersecurity to discover hidden directories, files, API endpoints, subdomains,
+vhosts and more. Its speed and flexibility make it a must-have for pentesters
+and bug bounty hunters.
+
+```bash
+# Flags:
+# -rate 50 -t 50 # Limit requests to 50 per second with 50 concurrent threads
+# -X POST|GET|PUT # Set method
+# -e .php,.asp,.bak,.db # Set the extension
+# -recursion -recursion-depth 3 # Recursive fuzzing up to 3 levels deep
+# -fc 404,500 # Exclude responses with status codes 404 and 500
+
+# Examples:
+ffuf -w wordlist.txt -u $url/FUZZ # Basic directory/file fuzzing using a wordlist
+ffuf -w subdomains.txt -u https://FUZZ.$url # Subdomain fuzzing
+ffuf -w vhosts.txt -u $url -H "Host: https://FUZZ.$url" # Virtual host fuzzing by modifying the Host header
+ffuf -w wordlist.txt -u $url/page.php?FUZZ=value # GET parameter fuzzing in the query string
+ffuf -w wordlist.txt -u $url/api -X POST -d 'FUZZ=value' # POST body parameter fuzzing
+ffuf -w wordlist.txt -u $url/FUZZ -b 'session=abcdef' # Use a session cookie during fuzzing
+ffuf -w headers.txt -u $url -H "X-Custom-Header: FUZZ" # HTTP header fuzzing
+ffuf -w passwords.txt -X POST -u $url/login -d "username=admin&password=FUZZ" # Password brute-forcing for user "admin"
+ffuf -w users.txt:USER -w passwords.txt:PASS -u "$url/login?username=USER&password=PASS" -mode pitchfork # Pitchfork mode: matches each line from both wordlists (USER[i], PASS[i])
+ffuf -w users.txt:USER -w passwords.txt:PASS -u "$url/login?username=USER&password=PASS" -mode clusterbomb # Clusterbomb mode: tests every user with every password combination
+```
diff --git a/src/content/notes/web/subdomains-discovery.md b/src/content/notes/web/subdomains-discovery.md
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+---
+title: "Subdomains Discovery"
+description: "Methods and tools for enumerating subdomains of a target domain."
+tags: ["web", "enumeration", "discovery", "subdomain"]
+publishDate: 2026-06-01
+---
+
+## FFUF
+
+See also [FFUF](/notes/web/ffuf) for fuzzing-based subdomain discovery.
+
+## Google Dorking
+
+Google dorks can surface subdomains indexed by Google without any active scanning.
+
+```
+site:*.$domain
+site:*.$domain -www
+site:*.$domain inurl:admin
+site:*.$domain ext:php | ext:json | ext:xml
+```
+
+## Certificate Transparency
+
+CT logs record every TLS certificate ever issued for a domain. Querying them is
+passive and reliable.
+
+```bash
+curl -s "https://crt.sh/?q=%25.$domain&output=json" | jq '.[].name_value' | sort -u
+```
+
+Tools that aggregate CT logs:
+
+- [crt.sh](https://crt.sh)
+- [censys.io](https://search.censys.io)
+
+## Passive DNS
+
+Passive DNS databases store historical DNS resolutions collected from resolvers
+worldwide; useful for finding subdomains that no longer resolve but once did.
+
+```bash
+# Amass (passive mode, no active scanning)
+amass enum -passive -d $domain
+
+# subfinder (uses many passive sources)
+subfinder -d $domain -silent
+```
+
+## DMARC
+
+DMARC can reveal more domains associated with a target.
+
+Go to `dmarc.live/info/$domain`, it allows you to find domains using the
+same DMARC record.
+
+## ASN & IP Ranges
+
+Finding the ASN of a target exposes its entire IP range, which may contain
+undiscovered subdomains or related infrastructure.
+
+```bash
+# Get ASN from an IP
+whois $ip | grep -i "asn\|orgname\|origin"
+
+# Get IP ranges from ASN
+whois -h whois.radb.net -- '-i origin AS12345' | grep route
+```
+
+## Favicon Hash
+
+A unique favicon can be fingerprinted to find other domains hosted by the same
+organisation, including subdomains on non-standard ports.
+
+```bash
+# Compute the MMH3 hash of the favicon
+python3 -c "
+import requests, mmh3, base64
+r = requests.get('https://$domain/favicon.ico')
+h = mmh3.hash(base64.encodebytes(r.content))
+print(h)
+"
+```
+
+Then search the hash on [Shodan](https://shodan.io): `http.favicon.hash:<hash>`